Germany has put a stop to a key Russian gas pipeline following Vladimir Putin’s orders to send troops into Ukraine.
On Monday the Russian president recognised two breakaway Ukrainian regions as independent states and ordered Russian troops to deploy to both.
Western nations largely see the action as a pretext for a wider invasion.
In response, Germany halted approval of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline and other Western nations issued sanctions.
Sanctions can take various forms – the term can refer to many actions used by one country to harm another, usually to deter aggressive actions or breaches of international law.
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The Nord Stream 2 pipeline has been supported by Germany despite opposition from countries such as the US, UK, Poland and Ukraine. It cost €10bn (£8.4bn), with the funding split between Russian and Western energy companies.
But following Mr Putin’s order to send troops to the rebel-held Ukrainian regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, Germany announced it was suspending the process of giving the pipeline between it and Russia an operating licence – effectively stopping the project until further notice.
The move is notable as Russia supplies Europe with about 40% of its gas, sourced from vast supplies in Russia’s east.
“This is a morally, politically and practically correct step in the current circumstances,” Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba wrote, welcoming the decision. “True leadership means tough decisions in difficult times. Germany’s move proves just that.”
As European ministers and officials pored over sanctions plans today, there was a sudden bolt from Berlin.
Olaf Scholz’s deliberate ambiguity about the future of Nord Stream 2 meant his announcement this morning took many by surprise. Even so, there’s also a view that the move was long overdue.
I remember being in a room with Poland’s Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki in December, where he again stressed the project was a “major mistake.” The gas pipeline wasn’t yet operational, of course, and the EU’s been seeking supplies elsewhere. Nevertheless, it raises big questions about European energy security.
As for the EU’s sanctions plans against Russia, it’s promising to target Russian lawmakers, banks that are financing the Russian military as well as the ability of the Russian state to access the bloc’s financial markets. “Additional measures” are also, we’re told, ready to go if needed.
But the tougher the measures get, the harder they could become to agree.
It is among a number of measures taken by Western powers following Mr Putin’s announcement.
The United States banned American people and companies from conducting any trade or investment in the rebel-held regions, and promised more action to follow.
The United Kingdom announced sanctions against five Russian banks and three Russian business figures, saying their UK assets will be frozen and they will be banned from the country.
The EU also unanimously agreed its first wave of measures on Tuesday, which includes targeting all members of Russia’s parliament who approved the decision. Russian banks are also hit by the new measures, as is Russia’s access to EU financial markets.
“This package of sanctions… will hurt Russia, and it will hurt a lot,” EU Foreign Policy chief Josep Borrell said.
The Western sanctions announced on Tuesday fall short of what had been threatened in the event of invasion. There had been speculation that Russia could have faced being cut off from the global banking system, denied access to the dollar, or even face import or export restrictions.
The White House made clear that its initial sanctions “are separate from and would be in addition to the swift and severe economic measures” it has prepared “should Russia further invade Ukraine”. And the UK’s Defence Minister Ben Wallace said there were plenty of more sanctions “in the tank” to be used if needed.
Poland’s Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki welcomed the blocking of Nord Stream 2 – which his country has long opposed – but said he expects much more. He had earlier said that sanctions must “be sufficiently painful and prevent Vladimir Putin from taking additional steps”.
Poland’s President Andrzej Duda also called for “serious sanctions”.
